THE approval by President Bongbong Marcos of the 2025 national government budget caps another season of madness. As in previous years, the budget has become a tool for politicians to build their kingdoms at the expense of the underserved constituents.

It is easy to turn an accusing eye at the president and his pet dogs in Congress for this unending atrocity. But let us not forget they have principalities at the local levels to babysit. At the core of political dynasties are siblings, uncles, children of thieving age, in-laws, among many other enablers, who need funding for mostly substandard infrastructure projects every year.

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