THE metropolitan cities of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and Jakarta, Indonesia, were transferred to new grounds with more open space for development, modern and state-of-the-art buildings, access to public utilities and mass transportation, and less vulnerability to rising sea levels, earthquakes, flooding and strong typhoons.

Malaysia relocated Kuala Lumpur's administrative and judicial offices to Putrajaya, while Indonesia is moving Metro Jakarta to Nusantara, East Kalimantan. Both Malaysia and Indonesia did so because of overcrowding, traffic congestion, pollution, urbanization, and inadequate transport and shelter.