Dear PAO,

My uncle was hospitalized and underwent an operation. Unfortunately, he was paralyzed after the procedure. My aunt is unsure if there was negligence on the part of the surgeon. She is contemplating filing a complaint, but she is worried that she may not have any evidence to prove such negligence. Someone told her about the terminology of 'res ipsa loquitur'; that the fact that my uncle was paralyzed after the procedure is, in itself, proof of negligence on the part of the surgeon. What does this terminology mean, and what are the requisites in order to apply it?