INTERNATIONAL environmental lawmaking and diplomacy have gone a long way. However, despite the availability of handbooks on negotiating multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) or environmental treaties as reference tools, there is much to be desired in their actual implementation. Proof are the reports of the Conference of the Parties (COPs) held once every three years to review and plan out strategies for the MEAs further implementation. COPs are often the venue for identifying implementation problems commonly encountered by developing countries but were not thought of during the treaty formulation stage.

Thus, there is the perception that these treaties have not been an effective means of addressing issues they intended to resolve. To illustrate, extremely destructive consequences of climate change and biodiversity loss have worsened and continue to be so in spite of implementation strategies employed in accord with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity.

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