URBANIZATION has been a prevailing trend, with more people choosing to reside in urban areas due to the diverse economic opportunities and services available. According to the World Cities Report 2022, cities contribute more than 80 percent of the global gross domestic product.
While this phenomenon has led to economic growth, it has also presented challenges such as homelessness, poverty and unemployment, urban sprawl, environmental risks, inadequate basic services and infrastructure, inefficient transportation systems, spatial segregation, and increased vulnerability of people and assets to climate change and natural hazards.
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