WHILE the Philippines was focused on deterring China's aggression in the West Philippine Sea, Vietnam was quietly stepping up its island expansion projects in disputed features in the Philippines' exclusive economic zone (EEZ).

From 2022 to 2023, Vietnam has reclaimed another 133 hectares of land to help develop disputed reefs and atolls in the South China Sea that have been under their control for decades, an updated report by the Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative (AMTI) said.

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