IN the same era of humanity that remembers the worst crisis, the pandemic, we are witnessing how wars are taking more lives, damaging developed cities, and causing divisions among people who were expected to have become better because of the pandemic experience.

The full impact of the pandemic will be felt for years to come, though it was the largest contraction since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The global GDP was estimated to have contracted 3.3 percent in 2020 (IMF). The estimated global economic cost of the pandemic is at $28 trillion in lost output between 2020 and 2021.