TO introduce nature-based solutions (NbS) to environmental challenges, notably climate change adaptation and mitigation, and disaster risk reduction, figure out the following: 1) construction of dunes, marshes, islands and reefs that protect coastal communities against typhoons; 2) forest management to reduce flooding and purify water for downstream communities; and 3) restoring wetlands to buffer local communities from floodwaters or conserving mangrove forests that provide nurseries for fish and protect nearby homes against the onslaught of strong winds and waves.

As succinctly described by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, nature-based solutions are 'actions to protect, conserve, restore, sustainably use and manage natural or modified terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems which address social, economic and environmental challenges effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human well-being, ecosystem sources, resilience and biodiversity benefits.'