BY 2022, it has been forecasted that 50 percent of global gross domestic product (GDP) will be digitized as the global digital economy developed rapidly, the demand for digital products and services has already exceeded expectations.

These 'severe bottlenecks' according to Guo Ping, Huawei's rotating chairman, the industry 'must explore new theories and architectures to reshape the technological paradigm to achieve digital sustainability.' The chairman's statement was in reference to Shannon's theorem which 'defines the maximum amount of information, or data capacity, which could be sent over any channel or medium'; and the von Neumann architecture which 'consists of a single, shared memory for programs and data, a single bus for memory access, an arithmetic unit, and a program control unit.'