THE early climate change narrative postulated that "humans are changing the Earth's climate." The new Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s "Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis" report, released on Aug. 9, 2021, validated and changed that to "humans have changed the Earth's climate."

Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have risen to more than 400 parts per million (ppm). As of two days ago, the average reading measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii reached 414.89 ppm, 2.09 ppm (0.51 percent) higher from a year ago. This serves as an indicator of planetary environmental stability, global economic security and intergenerational sustainability.

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