FOR many years extending to the Duterte administration, the sitting president has been annexing the legislature’s power of the purse to the executive’s power to disburse. The awesome concentration of these two potent powers — appropriation of public funds and expenditure of the people’s money — creates a budgetary dictatorship of the president.

It is opportune to revisit the skewed relationship between the Congress and the president in the preparation, enactment and execution of the annual national budget or the General Appropriations Act (GAA) since the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) has already started the appropriations process for 2022.

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