Left, website of Alberto del Rosario’s institute, circled as part of Bower Group. Right panel, Del Rosario, Ernest Bower IV, Manny V. Pangilinan and Antoni Salim.

To counter this consensus, Supreme Court Senior Justice Antonio Carpio, one of the biggest supporters of the suit, claimed that a template would be Nicaragua’s success in using international public opinion and the UN in getting the US to comply with the International Court of Justice decision in 1984 against the US for undertaking military actions against the small Latin American country. That is a total falsehood: Nicaragua under a pro-American president that the US helped to get to power, in effect asked the ICJ in 1991 to nullify its victory.

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